• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The present invention relates to an electric motor comprising an axis and at least two plates integral with the axis. An even number of pairs of solenoids are arranged around the axis. On either side of the solenoids, one magnet per pair of solenoids is arranged in a circle on each plate. The motor rotor includes the plates and the shaft. The stator includes the solenoids. The solenoids are connected to a control signal generator arranged and connected to the solenoids in such a way that two adjacent solenoids each receive control signals which are in phase quadrature.
    公开号:BE1023490B1
    申请号:E2015/5180
    申请日:2015-03-24
    公开日:2017-04-06
    发明作者:Raymond Collard；Claude Duchene；Smet Pierre De
    申请人:Raymond Collard；Claude Duchene；Smet Pierre De；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    Electric motor
    The present invention relates to an electric motor comprising an axle preferably mounted on a rolling bearing passing through at least one stator.
    Different types of stepper motors exist: the variable reluctance motor, the permanent magnet motor and the hybrid motor, which is a combination of the two previous technologies. These motors are powered in a certain sequence, or at each step the direction of the current flowing through the solenoids is reversed so as to generate a rotation of the rotor in the magnetic fields generated by different solenoids of the stator.
    The electric motor according to the invention comprises an arrangement of solenoids and magnets different from the stepping motor. The solenoids are assembled concentrically around an axis and extend parallel thereto. This new arrangement makes this electric motor modular and extremely simple to manufacture. To this end, the electric motor according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises at least two plates integral with the axis, and between two successive plates a stator of said at least one stator is each intercalated, each stator comprising a an even number of pairs of solenoids arranged in a first circle around and parallel to the axis, and each plate is provided with a magnet for each pair of solenoids, which magnets are alternately arranged in polarity in a second circle and in each case separated by a predetermined space, and which magnets are each arranged on two successive trays so that two magnets which are opposite each other have an opposite polarity, which magnets are also arranged so as to allow buckling when they are closed. passing in front of a pair of solenoids, each time a magnetic field created by this pair of solenoids, the solenoids are connected to a n a control signal generator, which generator is arranged and connected to the solenoids in such a way that two adjacent solenoids each receive driving signals which are respectively in phase quadrature.
    Such an electric motor has the advantage that it is very easy to build. On the one hand, the elements that constitute it such as solenoids, magnets, and trays, are available on the market. On the other hand, the mechanical elements constituting the motor do not require any particular machining. The electric motor is also adjustable, by assembling a plurality of stators and trays around the axis. By increasing the number of stators and trays, the power generated by the engine is also increased.
    In a first preferred embodiment according to the invention, the signal generator comprises a first and a second pilot signal sub-generator, which first signal sub-generator is arranged to produce a first signal and a second signal and the second pilot signal sub-generator is arranged to produce a third signal and a fourth signal, and which first and second signals respectively third and fourth signals are in phase opposition with each other and which first and third signals respectively second and fourth signals are in phase quadrature between them.
    This embodiment of the control signals is very simple to implement and allows to supply the solenoids in voltage with control signals that are in phase quadrature.
    For a better understanding of the present invention, reference will now be made, by way of example, to the accompanying drawings in which:
    Figure 1 is an overall perspective view of the electric motor 100 according to the invention.
    Figure 2 illustrates a sectional view along the line ll-ll 'of the electric motor according to the invention.
    Figure 3 is an exploded view of Figure 2.
    Figure 4 is a sectional view along the line IV-IV 'of Figure 1.
    Figure 5 is a front view of one of the trays of Figure 2 comprising permanent magnets disposed along the periphery of the tray, according to the invention.
    FIG. 6a is a schematic sectional view of an electric motor according to the invention illustrating four magnets, eight solenoids and their magnetic polarity as well as their connection to pilot signal generators during the first sub-period.
    Figure 6b illustrates the piloting signals during the first sub-period.
    Figure 6c illustrates the voltage applied across each solenoid during the first sub-period.
    Figure 6d is a schematic sectional view of the two plates of an electric motor according to the invention and the first four solenoids. The polarity of the magnetic fields is indicated and the field lines are also reconstructed.
    Figure 7a is a schematic view similar to Figure 6a during the second sub-period.
    Figure 7b illustrates the piloting signals during the second sub-period.
    Figure 7c illustrates the voltage applied across each solenoid during the second sub-period.
    Figure 7d is a schematic profile view similar to Figure 6d during the second sub-period.
    Figure 8a is a schematic view similar to Figure 6a during the third sub-period.
    Figure 8b illustrates the control signals during the third sub-period.
    Figure 8c illustrates the voltage applied across each solenoid during the third sub-period.
    Figure 8d is a schematic profile view similar to Figure 6d during the third sub-period.
    Figure 9a is a schematic view similar to Figure 6a during the fourth sub-period.
    Figure 9b illustrates the piloting signals during the fourth sub-period.
    Figure 9c illustrates the voltage applied across each solenoid during the fourth sub-period.
    Figure 9d is a schematic profile view similar to Figure 6d during the fourth sub-period.
    FIG. 10 is a figure similar to FIG. 6a in which the engine according to the invention comprises a second stator and a third plate.
    Figure 11 illustrates the arrangement of different layers of tinned copper and tinned iron between a magnet of a tray placed at one end and its associated tray.
    Figure 12 illustrates the arrangement of the magnets on a central plate motor.
    Figure 13 is a perspective view of the electric motor according to the invention comprising four plates and three stators.
    In the drawings the same reference has been assigned to the same element or a similar element.
    Figure 1 is an overall perspective view of the electric motor 100 according to the invention. A frame 150, for example of square shape, serves as a support element to the various mechanical components constituting the motor. Preferably, the frame is held by a base 155. The frame comprises two panels interconnected by spacers 150a fixed by bolts at the corners of the frame. Each panel of the frame is also provided with a recess 151, only one of the recesses being visible in FIG. 1. The recesses 151 are preferably circular.
    In a recess 151 of each panel (only one being visible) a circular plate 110 is placed each time. The diameter of the circular recesses is slightly greater than the diameter of the trays. A plurality of solenoids C are attached between the two panels 150. They are fixed to the frame by a solenoid holding structure 130.
    FIG. 2 illustrates a sectional view along the line ΙΙ-ΙΓ of the electric motor 100 according to the invention, illustrated in FIG. 1. FIG. 3 is an exploded view of FIG.
    The electric motor comprises a movable axis 105, on which the two plates 110, 115 are mounted so as to be integral with the axis. In the embodiment illustrated in Figures 1 to 3, the number of trays is two, but it goes without saying that other embodiments with more than two trays are also possible. The nuts 105a and 105b serve to hold the trays on the axis 105.
    The trays are further provided with a notch 125a in which there is slipped a shim 125a. This is found housed in a groove 125b provided in the axis of the engine. The groove 125b extends along the axis and at least at the location intended to arrange the plates on the axis, so that the shim 125a can be inserted into the groove 125b so as to fix the plateau relative to the axis. When the plates are correctly arranged on the axis, the latter are integral with the axis 105.
    The first plate 110 and the second plate 115 are fixed at a distance from one another. The axis 105 extends over a distance d2 from the second plate 115.
    FIG. 4 is a sectional view along line IV-IV 'of the motor illustrated in FIG. 1. An even number of pairs of solenoids C are arranged in a first circle, of radius r1t around and in parallel with the axis 105. In Figure 4, the number of solenoids represented is sixteen, or sixteen is an even number of pairs, a multiple of 4. The number of solenoids can also be expressed as 4xn where n is an integer greater than or equal to 1. On the other hand, the solenoids C, are placed between the two plates 110 and 115, as illustrated in FIGS. 1 to 3. The axis a of the solenoids is parallel to the axis aa of the motor, as illustrated in FIG. 3. In a preferred embodiment, the solenoids have an envelope. The envelopes of two juxtaposed solenoids are in contact with each other. These envelopes are electrically insulating.
    Preferably, the solenoids are attached to a solenoid-holding structure 130, as illustrated in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3. This solenoid-holding structure is attached to the frame 150 so that the solenoids lie between the two. trays.
    The solenoid holding structure comprises at its center two ball bearings 160 mounted on the axis 105 and placed next to each other. The two ball bearings 160 are preferably identical and comprise an outer ring 160a, an inner ring 160b whose diameter corresponds to the diameter of the axis 105, and balls 160c between the two rings. Thus, the axis 105 passes through the ball bearings 160 and is rotatable without driving the solenoids in rotation. The solenoids are attached to the solenoid holding structure 130 around the ball bearings 160. The solenoid holding structure is itself attached to the frame, the solenoids are fixed.
    The solenoids C form the stator of the electric motor, the latter being integrated in the motor by the solenoid holding structure 130. With the aid of the ball bearings 160, the stator of this motor is mounted on the axis 105. trays 110, 115 being integral with the axis 105, these form the rotor of the motor according to the invention.
    Advantageously, the axis 105, the solenoid holding structure 130, the frame 150, the ball bearings 160, and the trays 110, 115 are made of a non-magnetic material. Preferably, they are aluminum.
    At least one of the faces of the trays 110, 115 is provided with permanent magnets. FIG. 5 illustrates a magnet arrangement on one side of the plates 110, 115. The number of magnets per plate is a function of the number of pairs of solenoids C. For each pair of solenoids C, a magnet is provided. So for 4xn solenoids, there is a 2xn magnet. The number of solenoids in FIG. 4 being sixteen, n = 4, and the trays 110 and 115 therefore each comprise eight magnets.
    The polarity of the magnets is illustrated by N for the north and S for the south. The magnets are alternately arranged in polarity along a second circle of radius r2 along the periphery of the plate and each time separated by a space E of predetermined size. This second circle has 4xn segments. One segment out of two does not include a magnet and two successive magnets along the circle have opposite polarity. Advantageously, each segment is substantially identical so that the width of the magnets M and spaces E between two consecutive magnets is substantially identical. Therefore, the angle between two rays of a segment is 360 / (4xn). Preferably, the radius of this second circle r2 substantially corresponds to the average radius of the first circle η according to which the solenoids are arranged so that the magnets can be positioned facing the solenoids.
    The magnets of two successive plates mounted on the axis are each arranged so that two magnets which are opposite each other have an opposite polarity.
    Each solenoid C, as illustrated in Figure 4, comprises an inner radius r, and an outer radius re, which depends on the thickness of the electrical son used for their winding and the inner radius. The width of a magnet M is preferably of the order of twice re, and the height of a magnet M is preferably of the order of two times n, so that a magnet M can be placed in front of two solenoids. The magnets M are thus arranged so as to make it possible to buckle, when facing a pair of solenoids C, a magnetic field created by this pair of solenoids.
    Preferably, within each solenoid C, a piece of ferromagnetic material is inserted to form a core. This core makes it possible to increase the intensity of the magnetic field of the solenoid. Preferably, the core is made of a material whose magnetic permeability μ is at least 0.45 tesla.
    In one embodiment, the core material may be permimphy (registered trademark of Aperam Alloys Imphy). In another embodiment, the core may consist of threaded rods of galvanized steel.
    The nuclei promote the flow in the magnetic rings created between the magnets of two successive trays positioned face to face. The permimphy cores lead the magnetic flux between the magnets of the stators 110 and 115 and promote the closing of the magnetic fields see figure 7d
    As illustrated in FIG. 13, this motor may comprise a plurality of stators 10 and trays provided with magnets, all being fixed on the axis 105 by the mechanism described above. The example illustrated in Figure 13 comprises three stators 10, and five trays. Each stator 10 comprises four solenoids C, the number of magnets M per plate is therefore two. Each stator is positioned between two trays. The outer plates bear the references 110, 115. The two central plates are referenced 111. The arrangement of the magnets on the outer and inner trays is detailed later in the description, with reference to Figures 11 and 12.
    FIG. 6a schematically illustrates an engine comprising eight solenoids C. As illustrated in FIG. 6b, a voltage generator 600 comprising two sub-generators 601, 602 makes it possible to supply the motor with electrical voltage. The two sub-generators 601, 602 generate control signals a1, a2 and b1, b2 of respective outputs 610, 620, and 630, 640, also shown in Figure 6b. The electrical connections of the eight solenoids to the two sub-generators are schematically illustrated in Figure 6a.
    In Figure 6a, the eight solenoids C-1, ..., C-8 are seen in a sectional view. Each solenoid has a first and a second connector, indicated by the references P1, P2. The generator 600 is connected to the solenoid C connectors such that two adjacent solenoids receive driving signals which are respectively in phase quadrature. This electric motor operates in four phases. To achieve this, an embodiment of electrical connections and associated driving signals is described below.
    The solenoids are arranged such that, for four successive solenoids, a first solenoid (C-1; C-5) of a series of four solenoids has its first P1 and its second P2 connector respectively connected to the first 610 and the second one. second terminal 620 of the first sub-generator, a second solenoid (C-2; C-6) of the series of four solenoids has its first and second connectors respectively connected to the first 630 and the second terminal 640 of the second sub-generator. generator, a third solenoid (C-3, C-7) of the series of four solenoids has its first and second connectors respectively connected to the second 620 and the first terminal 610 of the first sub-generator, and a fourth solenoid ( C-4, C-8) of the series of four solenoids has its first and second connectors respectively connected to the second 640 and to the first terminal 630 of the second sub-generator. Thus, the connections of solenoid pairs ΟΙ, C-2 are inverted with respect to the connections of solenoids C-3, C-4.
    Preferably, the voltage applied across the terminals of each solenoid is in the form of a rectangular signal. Advantageously, the signal voltage may be a value V, other than 0, or 0 volts. In one embodiment, the voltage V is 24 volts. The control signals are illustrated in Figure 6b. The control signals are preferably periodic, of period T, divided into four sub-periods T1 (T2, T3 and T4 identical.
    Since the motor is a four-phase motor, the operating principle of the motor according to the invention can be described for a series of four successive solenoids. The operation of the following four solenoid sets is identical to the operation of the first set of four solenoids. However, the number of solenoids must always be a multiple of four, or an even number of pairs of solenoids, as previously described.
    FIGS. 6a to 6d, 7a to 7d, 8a to 8d and 9a to 9d respectively illustrate the operation of the motor during the four sub-periods Ti, T2, T3 and T4. For the sake of clarity, the figures illustrate an engine comprising 4x2 = 8 solenoids. The number of magnets on each plate is therefore 8/2 = 4.
    FIG. 6b illustrates the four control signals ai, a2 and b1, b2 generated by the two signal sub-generators. The evolution of the control signals is illustrated for each sub-period T1f T2, T3 and T4. The signals a1 and a2 respectively b1 and b2 are in phase opposition with each other and the signals a1 and b1 respectively a2 and b2 are in phase quadrature between them.
    Figure 6a schematically illustrates the eight solenoids, the four magnets, and the magnetic relationship between solenoids C and magnets M. Solenoids C are viewed in sectional view. As illustrated in FIG. 6a, the four magnets M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4 are represented in dashed lines superimposed on the solenoids C. Only the magnets of the plate 115 are represented.
    Figure 6d is a schematic view of the two plates 110, 115 provided with magnets M and solenoids C disposed between the two plates. Figure 6a is a top view of Figure 6d. The polarity of the magnetic fields, resulting from the voltage applied to the solenoid connectors, as well as the polarity of the magnets, are illustrated by N and S, for North pole and South pole respectively. Only the magnetic polarity of the face of the magnet near the solenoid is shown in Figures 6a and 6d. We assume that each solenoid has an upper face and a lower face. In Figure 6d, the polarity of the magnetic field on both sides of the solenoids is shown. Only the upper surface of the solenoids, close to the magnets of the plate 115, is visible in FIG. 6a. It is the magnetic polarity of this solenoid face that is also shown in Figure 6a. On the other hand, Figure 6c illustrates the voltage generated within each solenoid resulting from the driving signals a1, a2 and b1, b2 applied to the connectors of each solenoid. The voltage generated within each solenoid is derived from the voltage difference applied to the first and second solenoid connectors. u1 is the voltage generated in the first solenoids (C-1, C-5) of the series, u2 the voltage generated within the second solenoids (C-2, C-6) of the series, u3 the voltage generated at the within the third solenoids (C-3, C-7) of the series, and u4 the voltage generated within the fourth solenoids (C-4, C-8) of the series. The voltages u1, u2, u3, and u4 as a function of time are expressed as follows: ui (t) = ax (_t) - a2 (t), u2 (t) = Mt) -62 (t), u3 ( t) = α2 (ί) -αχ (0, u4 (0 = b2 (t) -b1 (t).
    During the first subperiod T1t the time t is in the interval 0 <t <Tlt and at (t) = V, a2 (t) = 0, b ± (t) = V, b2 (t) = 0 . Since then,
    Ut (t) = V, u2 (t) = V, u3 (t) = -V, u ^ (t) = -V as illustrated in FIG. 6c.
    Figure 6a illustrates the arrangement of magnets M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4 with respect to solenoids C-1 ..... C-8 during the first sub-period T ,.
    The voltage applied across the terminals of each solenoid induces a magnetic field in this solenoid. The direction of the magnetic field generated by the solenoid depends on the direction of the current flowing through the turns of the solenoid. We choose the convention that a positive applied voltage results in a magnetic field of north (N) polarity on the upper face of the solenoid and vice versa, a negative applied voltage results in a magnetic field of south polarity (S) on the upper face of the solenoid. solenoid. In summary, a voltage + V / -V generated within a solenoid induces a magnetic field whose polarity on the upper face is respectively North / South.
    During the first sub-period T |, the voltage applied across the terminals of each solenoid is illustrated in FIG. 6c. Solenoids C-1, C-2 and C-3, C-4 are subjected to a voltage of + V and -V respectively during this first sub-period. The intensity of the magnetic field resulting from this voltage is identical in the solenoids C-1, C-2 and C-3, C-4 since the same absolute value of voltage V is applied, but of opposite direction between on the one hand C-1, C-2 and secondly C-3, C-4. We assume that during the first subperiod, a M-1 magnet of South polarity faces the pair of solenoids C-1, C-2. Similarly, we assume that a M-2 magnet of North polarity is facing the pair of solenoids C-3, C-4, a M-3 magnet of South polarity is facing the pair of solenoids C-5, C -6 and a M-4 magnet of North polarity is facing the pair of solenoids C-7, C-8. Therefore, the polarity of the magnetic field of the pairs of solenoids C-1, C-2 and C-3, C-4, illustrated in Figure 6a, is respectively a North pole and a South pole on the upper face of the solenoids. The following table shows the voltage applied within each solenoid C and the polarity of the magnetic field on the upper face of the corresponding solenoid.
    Table 1. Solenoid, voltage, polarity on the upper side of the solenoid and polarity of the magnet during the first sub-period T1.
    Since the polarity of the magnet M-1 is a south, and the latter is facing the pair of solenoids C-1, C-2 whose polarity is a North, the magnetic field generated by the pair of solenoids C-1, C-2 and the M-1 magnet is looped. The same is true for the following pairs of solenoids (C-3, C-4), (C-5, C-6), and (C-7, C-8) and magnets M-2, M- 3, M-4 respective.
    FIG. 6d schematically shows a portion during the first sub-period of the engine illustrated in FIG. 6a on which the solenoids C-8, C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4, C-5 and a part of the first plate 115 provided with the magnets M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4 and the second plate 110 provided with the magnets M-11, M-12, M-13, M-14. The magnetic field lines are also shown in Figure 6d schematically for a pair of solenoids, in dashed lines. For reasons of understanding, we call the first plateau the upper plateau and the second plateau the lower plateau.
    The arrangement of the magnets with respect to the solenoids for the upper plate has been described above with reference to FIG. 6a. It is also indicated in Table 1. Identical reasoning is followed below, with reference to FIG. 6d. We suppose that during the first sub-period Ti, the M-11 magnet of North polarity is facing the pair of solenoids C-1, C-2, of south polarity on the lower face. Thus, the magnetic field lines of magnets M-1 and M-11 (represented by dashes) and those of solenoids C-1, C-2 (represented by dotted lines) mate and close to form a magnetic loop. , shown in solid lines in Figure 6d. Magnets M-1 and M-11 are attracted by the pair of solenoids C-1, C-2. The two magnets M-1 and M-11, facing each other, have opposite polarity on their near solenoids. The same reasoning applies equally to the magnets of both trays and to the following pairs of solenoids.
    The operation of the engine during the second sub-period T2 is illustrated in FIGS. 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d. The values of the control signals a1, a2, a3 and a4 have changed, and have as voltage during this second sub-period T2, αχ (0 = 0, α2 (ί) = V, b ^ t) = V, b2 ( t) = 0. Therefore, "iCO = -v,
    u2 {t) = V, u3 (t) = V, u4 (t) = -V as illustrated in FIG. 7c.
    The voltages u (t) and u3 (t) applied across the solenoids C-1 (identical to solenoid C-5) and C-3 (identical to solenoid C-7) are during this second inverted sub-period with respect to the first sub-period. The polarity of the magnetic field on the upper face of these solenoids is therefore also reversed. The voltage applied across the terminals of each solenoid is illustrated in FIG. 7c. Solenoids C-2, C-3, and C-4, C-5 are subjected to a voltage of + V and -V respectively during this second sub-period. The intensity of the magnetic field resulting from this voltage is identical in the solenoids C-2, C-3 and C-4, C-5 since the same absolute value of voltage V is applied, but of opposite direction between on the one hand C -2, C-3 and secondly C-4, C-5. The polarity of the magnetic field of the pairs of solenoids C-2, C-3 and C-4, C-5, illustrated in Figure 7a, is respectively a north pole and a south pole on the upper face of the solenoids.
    Table 2 illustrates the polarity of magnetic fields on the upper faces of solenoids C-1 ... C-8 during the second sub-period.
    Table 2. Solenoid, voltage, polarity on the upper side of the solenoid and polarity of the magnet during the second sub-period T2.
    The polarity of the magnetic field on the upper face of solenoid C-1 is a south pole. Since the polarity of the magnet M-1 is also a south pole, the latter is repelled by the solenoid C-1. However, the polarity of the field on the upper faces of solenoids C-2 and C-3 is a North Pole. The magnet M-1, of South polarity, is thus attracted by the pair of solenoids C-2, C-3 and will move under the effect of the magnetic field of the solenoids C-2, C-3 until it is facing solenoids C-2, C-3.
    Simultaneously, the M-2 magnet, of North polarity, is pushed by the solenoid C-3, whose polarity on the upper face is also a North pole during this second sub-period. The polarity of the field on the upper faces of magnets C-4, C-5 is now a South Pole. This pair of solenoids attracts the magnet M-2 and the magnet will move until it faces these two solenoids, as shown in Figure 7a.
    The movement of the magnets M-1 and M-2, fixed to the plate 115, have since turned the plate clockwise. The magnets M-3 and M-4, whose configuration is identical to that of magnets M-1 and M-2 respectively, have, in the same way, contributed to the rotation of the plate.
    Figure 7d is a view similar to Figure 6d but during the second sub-period T2. In Figure 7d, only the magnets M-4, M-1 and M-2 are visible on the upper plate and magnets M-14, M-11 and M-12 on the lower plate. The magnet M-11, of the lower plate is of North polarity, and is thus pushed back by the solenoid C-1 whose polarity on the lower face is a North pole during the second sub-period. It is attracted by the pair of solenoids C-2, C-3, whose polarity on the lower faces is a South pole. The magnet M-11 will then move until it is facing the pair of magnets C-2, C-3. Magnetic field loops of magnets (illustrated by dashes) and magnetic field loops of solenoids (illustrated by dotted lines) mate and close to form a new magnetic field loop, shown in solid lines on the Figure 7d. This movement of the magnets of the trays 115 and 110 involves a rotation of the trays. The two plates 115 and 110 being integral with the axis 105, the axis 105 rotates.
    The operation of the motor during the third sub-period T3 is illustrated in FIGS. 8a, 8b, 8c and 8d. The values of the control signals a1, a2, a3 and a4 have changed, and have as voltage during this third sub-period T3, aa (t) = 0, a2 (t) = V, bt (t) = 0, b2 (t) = V. Therefore, ux (t) = -V, u2 (t) = -V, u3 (t) = V, u4 (t) = 1 / as illustrated in Figure 8c.
    The voltages u2 (t) and u4 (t) applied across the solenoids C-2 (identical to solenoid C-6) and C-4 (identical to solenoid C-8) are during this third inverted subperiod with respect to the second sub-period. The polarity of the magnetic field on the upper face of these solenoids is therefore also reversed. The voltage applied across the terminals of each solenoid is illustrated in FIG. 8c. Solenoids C-3, C-4, and C-5, C-6 are subjected to a voltage of + V and -V respectively during this third sub-period. The intensity of the magnetic field resulting from this voltage is identical in solenoids C-3, C-4 and C-5, C-6 since the same absolute value of voltage V is applied, but of opposite direction between on the one hand C-3, C-4 and secondly C-5, C-6. The polarity of the magnetic field of the pairs of solenoids C-3, C-4 and C-5, C-6, illustrated in Figure 8a, is respectively a north pole and a south pole on the upper face of the solenoids.
    Table 3 illustrates the polarity of the magnetic fields on the upper faces of solenoids C-1 ... C-8 during the third sub-period.
    Table 3. Solenoid, voltage, polarity on the upper side of the solenoid and polarity of the magnet during the third sub-period T3.
    The polarity of the magnetic field on the upper face of solenoid C-2 is a south pole. Since the polarity of the magnet M-1 is also a south pole, the latter is repelled by the solenoid C-2. However, the polarity of the field on the upper faces of solenoids C-3 and C-4 is a North Pole. The magnet M-1, of South polarity, is thus attracted by the new pair of solenoids C-3, C-4 and will move under the effect of the magnetic field of the solenoids C-3, C-4 until that it is facing solenoids C-3, C-4.
    At the same time, the M-2 magnet, of North polarity, is repelled by the solenoid C-4, whose polarity on the upper face is also a North pole during this third sub-period. The polarity of the field on the upper faces of magnets C-5, C-6 is now a South Pole. This new pair of solenoids attracts the magnet M-2 and it will move until it faces these two solenoids, as shown in Figure 8a.
    The magnets M-1 and M-2, fixed to the plate 115, have since turned the plate clockwise. The magnets M-3 and M-4, whose configuration is identical to that of magnets M-1 and M-2 respectively, have, in the same way, contributed to the rotation of the plate.
    Figure 8d is a side view similar to Figure 7d during the third sub-period T3. Only the magnets M-3, M-4, M-1 and M-2 are now visible on the upper plate and magnets M-13, M-14, M-11 and M-12 on the lower plate. The magnet M-11, of the lower plate and of North polarity, is repelled by the solenoid C-2 whose polarity on the lower face is a North pole during the third sub-period. It is attracted by the pair of solenoids C-3, C-4, whose polarity on the lower faces is a South pole. The magnet M-11 will then move until it is facing the pair of magnets C-3, C-4. Magnetic field loops of magnets (illustrated by dashes) and magnetic field loops of solenoids (illustrated by dotted lines) mate and close to form a new magnetic field loop, shown in solid lines on the Figure 8d. The same reasoning applies to each magnet of the lower plate 110. This movement of the magnets of the plates 115 and 110 involves a rotation of the plates. The two plates 115 and 110 being integral with the axis 105, the axis 105 rotates.
    The operation of the engine during the fourth sub-period T4 is illustrated in FIGS. 9a, 9b, 9c and 9d. The values of the control signals a1, a2, a3 and a4 have changed, and have as voltage during this fourth sub-period T4, MO = V, a2 (t) = 0, MO = 0, MO = V. Therefore, (O = V, MO = MO = -V,
    u ^ (t) = V as illustrated in Figure 9c.
    The MO and MO voltages applied across solenoids C-1 (identical to solenoid C-5) and C-3 (identical to solenoid C-7) are during this fourth inverted subperiod with respect to the third sub-period. The polarity of the magnetic field on the upper face of these solenoids is therefore also reversed. The voltage applied across the terminals of each solenoid is illustrated in Figure 9c. Solenoids C-4, C-5, and C-6, C-7 are subjected to a voltage of + V and -V respectively during this fourth sub-period. The intensity of the magnetic field resulting from this voltage is identical in solenoids C-4, C-5 and C-6, C-7 since the same absolute value of voltage V is applied, but of opposite direction between on the one hand C-4, C-5, and C-6, C-7. The polarity of the magnetic field of the pairs of solenoids C-4, C-5 and C-6, C-7, illustrated in Figure 9a, is respectively a north pole and a south pole on the upper face of the solenoids.
    Table 4 illustrates the polarity of magnetic fields on the upper faces of solenoids C-1 ... C-8 during the fourth sub-period.
    Table 4, Solenoid, voltage, polarity on the upper side of the solenoid and polarity of the magnet during the fourth sub-period T4.
    The polarity of the magnetic field on the upper face of solenoid C-3 is a south pole. Since the polarity of the magnet M-1 is also a south pole, the latter is repelled by the solenoid C-3. However, the polarity of the field on the upper faces of solenoids C-4 and C-5 is a North Pole. The magnet M-1, of South polarity, is thus attracted by the new pair of solenoids C-4, C-5 and will move under the effect of the magnetic field of the solenoids C-4, C-5 until that it is facing solenoids C-4, C-5.
    Simultaneously, the magnet M-2, of North polarity, is pushed by the solenoid C-5, whose polarity on the upper face is also a North pole during this fourth sub-period. The polarity of the field on the upper faces of magnets C-6, C-7 is now a South Pole. This new pair of solenoids attracts the magnet M-2 and the magnet will move until it faces these two solenoids, as shown in Figure 9a.
    The magnets M-1 and M-2, fixed to the plate 115, have since turned the plate clockwise. The magnets M-3 and M-4, whose configuration is identical to that of magnets M-1 and M-2 respectively, have, in the same way, contributed to the rotation of the plate.
    Figure 9d is a side view similar to Figure 8d during the fourth sub-period T4. Only the magnets M-3, M-4, and M-1 are now visible on the upper plate 115 and the magnets M-13, M-14, and M-11 on the lower plate 110. The magnet M 11, of the lower plate and of North polarity, is repelled by the solenoid C-3 whose polarity on the lower face is a North pole during the fourth sub-period. It is attracted by the pair of solenoids C-4, C-5, whose polarity on the lower faces is a South pole. The magnet M-11 will then move until it is facing the pair of magnets C-4, C-5. Magnetic field loops of magnets (illustrated by dashes) and magnetic field loops of solenoids (illustrated by dotted lines) mate and close to form a new magnetic field loop, shown in solid lines on the Figure 9d. The same reasoning applies to each magnet of the lower plate 110. This movement of the magnets of the plates 115 and 110 involves a rotation of the plates. The two plates 115 and 110 being integral with the axis 105, the axis 105 rotates.
    On the plate 110, the magnets are subjected to the same magnetic forces and cause the rotation of the plate 110. The rotations of the two plates 110 and 115, causes a rotation of the axis 105 by an angle of 2π / 8 between two sub- successive periods, for an engine comprising 8 solenoids.
    In the embodiment illustrated in FIGS. 6a to 9d, the electric motor comprises eight solenoids. In another embodiment of the present invention, the electric motor may comprise an even number of solenoid pairs, i.e., a multiple of four, 4xn, where n is an integer greater than or equal to one, four, eight, twelve, sixteen, twenty, twenty-four, etc. solenoids. At most the number of solenoids is high, the more the speed of the motor decreases and its power increases.
    The number of periods T of the driving signals required for the trays to perform a complete revolution depends on the number of solenoids. For four solenoids, a period is required for the trays to complete one revolution. For eight solenoids, two periods are necessary. For 4xn solenoids, n periods are necessary. The speed of rotation of the plates and the axis therefore depends on the one hand on the frequency of the signal, which is inversely proportional to the period T, but also on the number of solenoids. On the other hand, the rotation performed by the plateaux between two consecutive subperiods is 2ττ / (4χη), where 4xn is the number of solenoids.
    The transition time between two successive subperiods preferably lasts less than 200 nanoseconds.
    FIG. 10 illustrates a second embodiment of the present invention, in which the motor according to the invention comprises three plates and two stators, or each stator comprises a set of 4xn solenoids. The configuration of the solenoids of the second set C-11, C-12, C-13, C-14 is identical to that of the first C-1, C-2, C-3, C-4. The third plate 111, central, is inserted between the two stators. The length of the motor axis 105 in this embodiment therefore depends on the number of trays and stators.
    In this embodiment, the magnetic field loops extend to the third board. The magnets of the third, central, plate 111 serve to maintain the continuity of the magnetic field lines induced by the solenoids which extend to the plate 110, as illustrated in FIG.
    When the engine comprises a number of trays greater than two, as shown in Figure 13, the configuration of the central trays 111 and their magnets is preferably different to that of the trays 110, 115 at the ends of the engine. The magnets of the central plate 111 participate in the magnetic fields generated by the solenoids located on either side of the magnets.
    Figure 12 illustrates an embodiment of the magnetization of the central trays 111. The central plate 111 is preferably symmetrical, and the magnets M are also perfectly symmetrical. The magnetization of the magnets of the central plate 111 may be minimal because they serve mainly to ensure the continuity of the magnetic field line between the two stators.
    The motor of the present invention can therefore generally comprise m stators and m + 1 trays, where m is an integer greater than or equal to 1. The configuration of each stator or set of solenoids is identical. Preferably, the central plates 111 interposed between two stators 10, are all identical. However, the trays 110, 115 located at the ends may, in a preferred embodiment, be different from the central trays 111. The length of the movable axis 105 connecting all these elements of the engine is therefore adapted to the numbers of trays and stators.
    In a preferred embodiment according to the invention, the fasteners of the magnets M of the trays 110, 115 located at the ends of the axis 105 are made by a plurality of layers of tinned iron and tinned copper. FIG. 11 illustrates these different intermediate layers deposited between the magnets M and the plate 110, 115. Preferably, the plate 110, 115 is made of a non-magnetic material, preferably aluminum. On the plate 110, 115, a first tinned copper layer 1210 is deposited, fixed or glued. Preferably, the tinned copper comprises a layer of tin 1215 on one side of the copper layer 1212. The copper layer 1212 is advantageously directly in contact with the plate 110, 115. On the tin layer 1215, a layer of tinned iron 1220 is deposited, fixed or glued. The tinned iron 1220 comprises a layer of tin 1222 on either side of the iron layer 1224. Preferably, the tinned iron 1220 may be tinplate. The thickness of tinned iron 1220 is preferably between 0.1 and 2 mm, more preferably between 0.2 mm and 1 mm, and more preferably between 0.2 and 0.3 mm. The thickness of the tin layer 1222 on either side of the iron 1224 is a few microns, preferably a maximum of 5 microns. Advantageously, the magnet M is glued or fixed by screws to the upper tin layer 1222 of the tinned iron 1220
    These different layers make it possible to improve the confinement of the magnetic field between the solenoids C and the magnets M disposed on the trays 110, 115 placed at the ends, and make it possible to limit the thickness of the magnets while keeping the necessary magnetic field strength in the trays 110, 115.
    The different layers can in one embodiment be glued together but they can also, in another embodiment, be fixed together by screws fixed to the plate.
    In this configuration, tin acts as a magnetic guide. The first layer of tin 1222, being only a few microns, a part of the magnetic field will thus enter the iron 1224. On the other side of the iron, there are two layers of tin, a first from the tinned iron 1222 and a second tinned copper 1215. The tinned copper 1210 is used because the tin 1215, deposited on the copper 1212 by heating, can strengthen the thickness of tin 1122 iron tin 1220. These two layers are act as a second stronger magnetic insulator. The magnetic field penetrating the iron 1224, will have to emerge from the ends (the edges) of the iron layer 1224. This field that emerges by the edges will oppose the field present between the magnet M and the pair of solenoids C and so will confine this field. The magnetic field, between the pair of solenoids and the magnet, is thus displaced. The magnetic field generated is thus more compact. Thinner magnets can thus be used. This has the effect of reducing the magnetization of magnets trays placed at the ends.
    In another embodiment, the tinned copper 1210 is replaced by a tin layer attached to the tinned iron 1220 and whose thickness is greater than the tin thickness of the layer 1222.
    Conversely, the central plates being solicited on both sides by the solenoids located on either side, do not require this addition, and are preferably all identical and symmetrical, as shown in Figure 12. Indeed, magnets M trays central 111 serve to ensure the continuity of the magnetic field lines all along. The combination of a plurality of rotors in parallel as described above has the advantage that the power of the motor is increased for the same speed of rotation.
    In the embodiment described, the control signals are rectangular waves of period T. The sum of the four signals in quadrature phase is at each instant constant. This is why the current flowing through the solenoids is a continuous pseudo current, since the sum of the currents is constant at each instant. The frequency of the rectangular control signals will determine the speed of rotation of the plates and the axis.
    In another embodiment, the control signals may also be sinusoidal periodic signals. The sum of four quarter-shifted sinusoidal signals is also constant at each instant.
    In another embodiment, the control signals may also be triangular periodic signals. The sum of four quarterly out-of-phase quarter-wave signals is also constant at each moment.
    In one embodiment of the present invention, with a power consumption of 72 Watts, this motor is capable of lifting 10 kg. A time measurement was made on a trace of three meters in height, which allowed to determine an approximate power of 10 Joules / sec. The weight that this engine is able to lift naturally depends on its speed. For low speeds, the model as presented, consisting of 16 solenoids is able to lift a maximum of 10 kg. The thickness that constitutes the mass of the magnet depends on the power of the solenoids and their nucleus. If the magnets are too strong compared to the solenoids, one solution is to move the trays away from the solenoids.
    Preferably, the magnetization required of the permanent magnets is very low in comparison with the permanent magnets used in the motors in the current state of the art.
    Preferably, the magnetic neutral (North-South inversion point) remains centered in the middle of the solenoids and by the geometry of the motor in the middle of the magnets. The engine is mechanically balanced and thus allows the lightening of the intermediate trays.
    The main advantage of the electric motor according to the present invention is that the latter heats very little. In fact, if the engine were to stop because of any technical problem, and the pilot signal sub-generators continued to generate a voltage applied across each solenoid of the engine, the magnetic fields generated by each solenoid would continue to reverse. However, the engine components will heat up only slightly, and the engine will not melt. The motor then delivers magnetic field, and warming of the latter is limited. In case of overload, this engine does not pick up and can decreasing its speed to resume its movement.
    权利要求:
    Claims (11)
    [1]
    Amended claims
    1. Electric motor comprising - an axis (105) and at least one stator mounted on this axis (105), - at least two plates (110, 115) integral with the axis, and each having two faces, the two plates being attached at an axial distance from each other, and - between two successive plates (110, 115) a stator of said at least one stator is interposed each time, each stator comprising an even number of pairs of solenoids (C) adjacent each solenoid (C) having an axis as and in which the solenoids are arranged in a first circle of radius n around the axis (105) of the engine and whose axes a are parallel to the axis (105) of the motor the number of solenoids being identical on each stator, and the angular spacing between two adjacent solenoids along the circle of radius r1 being uniform, and - at least one face of each plate (110, 115) is provided with a magnet by pair of solenoids (C), which magnets are arranged on each dish alternating water of polarity along a second circle of radius r2, the radius of this second circle r2 corresponding substantially to the average radius of the first circle n according to which the solenoids are arranged so that the magnets can be positioned facing the solenoids, and which magnets are each arranged on two successive plates (110, 115) so that two magnets (M) which face each other have an opposite polarity, the solenoids (C) are connected to a control signal generator to provide each solenoid with driving signals so that the driving signals received by two adjacent solenoids are each driving signals which are respectively in quadrature phase, - characterized in that the magnets are separated by a space predetermined, and the width of the magnets and predetermined spaces between two consecutive magnets is substantially identical.
    [2]
    2. Electric motor according to claim 1, characterized in that the signal generator comprises a first and a second pilot signal sub-generator, which first signal sub-generator is arranged to produce a first signal a1 and a second signal. a2 and the second pilot signal sub-generator is arranged to produce a third signal b1 and a fourth signal b2, and which signals a1 and a2 respectively b1 and b2 are in phase opposition with each other and which signals a1 and b1 respectively a2 and b2 are in phase quadrature between them.
    [3]
    3. Electric motor according to claim 2, characterized in that the first and second signal sub-generators each comprise a first and a second terminal, and each solenoid comprises a first and a second connector, the solenoids are arranged in such a way as to that for two successive pairs of solenoids, a first solenoid of a first pair of said two pairs of successive solenoids has its first and second connectors connected to the first and second terminals of the first sub-generator, a second solenoid of a first pair of said two pairs of successive solenoids has its first and second connectors connected to the first and second terminals of the second sub-generator, a first solenoid of a second pair of said two successive pairs of solenoids has its first and second connectors connected to the second and the first terminals of the first sub-generator, a second solenoid of a second pair of said two pairs of successive solenoids has its first and second connectors connected to the second and the first terminals of the second sub-generator.
    [4]
    4. Electric motor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each control signal is a periodic signal is rectangular, either triangular or sinusoidal period T divided into four sub-periods T1, T2, T3 and T4.
    [5]
    An electric motor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the driving signals are configured to vary between two voltage levels.
    [6]
    An electric motor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein each solenoid is provided with a core of ferromagnetic material having a determined permeability.
    [7]
    The electric motor of claim 6, wherein the core is permimphy or equivalent.
    [8]
    8. Electric motor according to claim 6, wherein the core consists of threaded rods of galvanized steel.
    [9]
    Electric motor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the solenoids have an envelope, which envelopes are electrically insulating and are in contact with each other.
    [10]
    10. Electric motor according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the two trays forming the ends of the motor comprise, between the trays and the magnets attached thereto, intermediate layers of tinned copper and tinned iron, tinned copper comprising tin only on one side and the tin-plated iron comprising tin on its first and second faces, the copper face of the tin-plated copper being placed on the plate, the first tin face of the tin-plated iron being placed on the tin-tinned tin, and the magnet being placed on the second tin face of the tin-plated iron.
    [11]
    Electric motor according to any of the preceding claims, wherein each tray is made of a non-magnetic material, in particular aluminum.
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    BE1023490A1|2017-04-06|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    GB2065984A|1979-12-11|1981-07-01|Nii Chasovoi Promysh|Electric Stepping Motor for Time Pieces|
    US5514923A|1990-05-03|1996-05-07|Gossler; Scott E.|High efficiency DC motor with generator and flywheel characteristics|
    WO2000048294A1|1999-02-12|2000-08-17|Helmut Schiller|Electric machine|
    US20060043821A1|2004-08-25|2006-03-02|Fujitsu General Limited|Axial air-gap electronic motor|
    WO2007022128A2|2005-08-15|2007-02-22|Apex Drive Laboratories, Inc.|Brushless electromechanical machine|
    GB2482928A|2010-08-19|2012-02-22|Oxford Yasa Motors Ltd|Over-moulding construction of an electric machine stator|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    BE201505013|2015-01-12|
    BE2015/5013|2015-01-12|PCT/EP2016/050394| WO2016113227A1|2015-01-12|2016-01-11|Electric motor|
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